AZT Causes Birth Defects, 
              Cancer 
            Evidence mounts showing that AZT causes birth defects 
              and cancer, yet HIV doctors worry more that the new evidence will 
              discourage AZT consumption than they do about its grim consequences 
              and obvious implications.
            The New Scientist (June 26; newscientist.com) 
              discussed the soon-to-be published findings of Stephane Blanche 
              of Paris's Necker Hospital and a new report by Ofelina Olivero of 
              the National Cancer Institute (Journal of AIDS 13: 
              1999). 
              Blanche examined the cases of about a thousand "HIV-positive" 
              pregnant women who followed standard protocol by consuming AZT during 
              pregnancy as a means of preventing the transmission of HIV infections 
              to their infants. He found that eight of the resulting infants, 
              though "HIV-negative," suffered from a neurodegenerative 
              condition (which the article did not specify) that kills its victims 
              in infancy, and which normally affects between just one-to-ten children 
              per thousand. 
            Blanche traces the observed eight-to-80 times increased 
              incidence of this disease to AZT's effect on mitochondria, "mini 
              cells" within cells that produce ATP, the basic unit of all 
              cellular energy. Scientific facts support his suspicion. AZT blocks 
              all DNA replication, including mitochondrial DNA which must replicate 
              along with the mitochondria to meet cellular energy needs. A study 
              not cited by the New Scientist documents the resulting 
              "mitochondrial myopathy" AZT consumption causes in mouse 
              livers (Ozawa, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commum. 176:1, 
              1991).
            Olivero's study demonstrates how AZT blocks DNA 
              replication -- by being incorporated into replicating DNA strands. 
              In the many cells where this incorporation does block replication, 
              not only will HIV fail to replicate (in the rare cell -- 1 in 10,000 
              -- that harbors HIV replication), but the host cell dies; and in 
              cases where the incorporation fails to block replication, the resulting 
              DNA strand now contains AZT rather than the DNA unit that AZT mimics. 
              This represents a mutation that Olivero regards as possibly carcinogenic, 
              increasing the chances of cancer.
              
            Although reported as news, these studies merely 
              restate what everybody has known all along about AZT-style drugs 
              (nucleoside analogs) used to treat people who test "HIV positive." 
              These drugs represent a broad class of pharmaceuticals used both 
              to treat leukemia and organ transplant patients. Their utility in 
              these capacities derives from their immune cell-killing capacity, 
              which directly relieves leukemia (immune cell cancer) and causes 
              general immune suppression that helps transplanted organs to "take." 
              But in either case the patient suffers unwanted immune suppression.
              
            Since these drugs cause immune suppression, they 
              make illogical choices for treating or preventing immune suppression. 
              And besides immune suppression, these drugs cause other AIDS-defining 
              conditions because they kill digestive tract cells (causing wasting) 
              and cells-within-cells mitochondria (causing dementia). 
              
            The carcinogenic phenomenon demonstrated by Olivero 
              illustrates a paradox not just for using these agents to treat cancer 
              (since they also cause cancer), but for treating AIDS, since some 
              cancers qualify as AIDS-defining diseases.
              
            Meanwhile scientists have yet to demonstrate any 
              AIDS-causing capacity for HIV. The known immune-suppressing effects 
              of these drugs, which make them useful in preventing organ recipients 
              from rejecting their transplanted organs, presents a second paradox 
              when physicians use them to treat people who test "HIV-positive." 
              Such physicians assume (incorrectly) that these tests indicate actual 
              HIV infections, and further assume (also incorrectly) that these 
              infections cause immune-cell death, resulting in the immune suppression 
              observed as AIDS. They prescribe these drugs because they halt HIV 
              replication, forgetting (or ignoring) that these drugs by definition 
              (and unlike HIV) kill immune cells, and thus really do cause immune 
              suppression (also unlike HIV).
              
            The New Scientist makes sure to declare 
              that the new evidence of AZT toxicity should discourage no one from 
              consuming these drugs. "Most specialists stress that, on balance, 
              they would still urge pregnant women with HIV to take [these] drugs 
              to minimize the chance of their babies being infected by the virus. 
              Indeed, as New Scientist went to press, medical authorities 
              in France and the US were preparing statements on Blanche's findings 
              which are expected to stress the benefits of using the drugs."